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Single phase distribution transformer
Classification:
Industry News
Release time:
2025-03-07
Whether it is a single-phase transformer or a three-phase transformer, a core material is used, which is the iron core.
The purpose of the transformer core is to provide a low magnetic reluctance magnetic circuit for the magnetic flux passing through the primary and secondary windings.
Because the core hysteresis phenomenon and eddy currents flowing inside can cause core loss when the magnetic circuit is provided, these losses are manifested in the heating of the core material. In addition, for large power transformers, alternating flux also produces noise, which spreads into the surrounding environment like the sound produced by a jet or internal combustion engine when it is powered by a full horse.
Although the core loss is not large relative to the capacity transmitted by the transformer, it exists as long as the transformer is excitated. Therefore, core loss represents a constant noteworthy energy loss in the power system. It is estimated that about 5% of all electrical energy emitted by the power equipment is consumed as core loss. In the UK alone, between 1987 and 1988, the loss of transformer empty was about £110 million.
Core loss of Transformer
The core loss consists of two parts: the part is the hysteresis loss, which is proportional to the frequency and depends on the area of the hysteresis loop, which depends on the material characteristics and is a function of the peak flux density; the second part of the core loss is the eddy current loss, which depends on the quadratic frequency, but is also proportional to the quadratic thickness of the material. Therefore, to minimize the hysteresis loss, the core material must have the smallest hysteresis loop area. To minimize the eddy current loss, thin core steel sheets must be used, and at the same time, increase the resistance between the sheets to make it difficult for the eddy current to flow between the sheets.
Eddy current loss of Transformer
In fact, eddy current loss is very complex, and it consists of two parts itself: the first part actually varies with the frequency quadratic multiplied by the material thickness and flux density. It can be calculated based on traditional electromagnetic theory and is called classical eddy current loss; the second part depends on the material structure, such as grain size and the movement of magnetic domains during the magnetization period, which is called anomaly or residual loss.
Hot rolled electrical steel sheet
Adding silicon to the steel sheet reduces hysteresis loss, improves permeability and resistivity, and therefore also reduces the eddy current loss of the core. There is one disadvantage in adding silicon, that is, it will make the steel sheet brittle and hard. Therefore, in order to ensure the processability and ease of making the iron core, the amount of silicon added must be limited to 4%. In addition, removing impurities including carbon in electrical steel sheets also has obvious effects on reducing losses.
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